About Jay King
Joseph "Jay" King, III, MD, earned his medical degree at Drexel University in 2006 before going on to complete his residency in Orthopaedic Surgery at the Drexel University and his Clinical Research Fellowship in Orthopaedic Oncology at the University of Pennsylvania.
He came to UF in 2012 to work in the Department of Orthopaedics to pursue a fellowship in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery and work as a staff member within the Orthopaedic division.
Dr. King's clinical practice focuses on shoulder and knee arthroscopy advances techniques for rotator cuff surgery, shoulder and elbow replacement including revision surgery, traumatic injuries to the shoulder and elbow, and reverse shoulder replacement. He is interested as well in cutting edge procedures such as superior capsular reconstruction for chronic rotator cuff tears, knee subchondroplasty, and shoulder replacement using computer navigation.
He has published various works in journals including the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, Orthopaedics and Traumatology: Surgery and Research (OTSR), Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy (KSSTA), International Orthopaedics, and the Journal of Hand Surgery.
Dr. King participates in various organizations such as the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the Southern Orthopaedic Association, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons society, Health Volunteers Overseas, the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the Florida Orthopaedic Society organizations. He is also a committee member for the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Committtee on Multicenter Research and heads the Multicenter Committee on Proximal Humerus Fractures.
Accomplishments
- Clinical Excellence Award
2024 - University of Florida Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine - Exemplary Teacher Award
2023 - University of Florida Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine - Teacher of the Year Award
2017 - University of Florida, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine - Exemplary Mentor Award, MDU 4004: Physician Shadowing Course
2015-2016 - University of Florida - Fellows Research Award (1st Place)
2013 - Florida Orthopaedic Society Annual Meeting - Annual Resident Research Award (3rd place)
2012 - Drexel University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery - Golden Apple Award Nominee for Excellence in Medical Student Teaching
2012 - Drexel University College of Medicine - Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma Resident Teaching Award
2012 - Drexel University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery - Annual Resident Research Award (3rd place)
2010 - Drexel University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery - Hahnemann Physician's Society Award for Excellence in Community Service
2006 - Drexel University College of Medicine
Board Certifications
- Board Certified in Orthopedic Surgery
American Board of Orthopedic Surgery
Clinical Profile
Dr. King's clinical focus is on shoulder and elbow surgery as well as general orthopedic surgery. He has a high volume of shoulder arthroscopic procedures as well as shoulder replacements. This includes revision shoulder arthroscopy and revision shoulder replacement surgery. He also has an interest in chronic rotator cuff tears for which he performs a variety of procedures including superior capsular reconstruction, open repair with allograft augmentation, and new tendon transfers in order to help patients regain function and decrease pain. In addition, he also performs elbow surgery for a variety of conditions including stiffness, arthritis, and tendon injuries. He also performs knee arthroscopy, revision knee arthroscopy, and all forms of surgery for shoulder and elbow trauma. He also covers the University of Florida Level 1 Trauma center which sees a wide variety of traumatic injuries.
Specialties
- Orthopaedic Surgery
Areas of Interest
- ACL reconstruction
- Arthritis
- Bone fracture repair
- Elbow replacement
- Knee arthroscopy
- Rotator cuff problems
- Rotator cuff repair
- Shoulder arthroscopy
- Shoulder replacement
- Tendon repair
- Tennis elbow surgery
Research Profile
Dr. King's research focuses on clinical outcomes following orthopaedic procedures. This includes research on guidelines of which outcomes to use in future research including proximal humerus fractures, AC joint dislocations, and distal humerus fractures. He has many publications along with the other shoulder surgeons at the University of Florida regarding the outcomes of shoulder arthroplasty. One of his main interests is subscapularis repair after reverse shoulder arthroplasty, for which he has pioneered a new technique in order to improve outcomes.
Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID):
0000-0002-9201-9408
Publications
- 2025
Clinical Outcomes of Bilateral Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 33(4):e224-e233. [DOI] 10.5435/jaaos-d-24-00325.
Publisher's Site - 2025
Clinical Outcomes of Operative Management for Radial Tunnel Syndrome According to Surgical Approach: A Systematic Review.
Hand (New York, N.Y.). 15589447251315761. [DOI] 10.1177/15589447251315761. [PMID] 39921571.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2025
Current Definitions of Return to Play After Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries and Surgery in Professional Baseball Players Prohibit Cross-Study Comparison: A Systematic Review
Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. [DOI] 10.1016/j.arthro.2025.01.030.
Publisher's Site - 2025
Does the Relationship Between Preoperative Function and Achievement of Clinically Important Benchmarks of Success After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Depend on Outcome Assessment Design?
Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 483(3):377-395. [DOI] 10.1097/CORR.0000000000003347. [PMID] 39778205.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2025
Does Tranexamic Acid Improve Early Postoperative Shoulder Motion After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty?
The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 33(4):e234-e243. [DOI] 10.5435/JAAOS-D-24-00737. [PMID] 39602627.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2025
Exactech Equinoxe anatomic vs. reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis with an intact rotator cuff in patients with no glenoid deformity
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2025.01.038.
Publisher's Site - 2025
Is the “sling effect” of the conjoint tendon in Latarjet procedures real? A systematic review and descriptive synthesis of controlled laboratory and comparative clinical studies
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2024.11.007.
Publisher's Site - 2025
Medialized vs. Lateralized Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fractures
JBJS Reviews. 13(1). [DOI] 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.24.00160.
Publisher's Site - 2025
Medialized vs. Lateralized Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
JBJS reviews. 13(1). [DOI] e24.00160. [PMID] 39836775.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2025
No age cutoff accurately prognosticates the likelihood of 30-day medical complications, unplanned readmissions, and death after elective primary total shoulder arthroplasty
Seminars in Arthroplasty: JSES. [DOI] 10.1053/j.sart.2024.12.008.
Publisher's Site - 2025
Outcomes following humeral head autograft glenoid reconstruction in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 34(4):1051-1060. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2024.06.031.
Publisher's Site - 2025
Patient and surgical risk factors for dislocation after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a study by the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons multicenter complications of reverse shoulder arthroplasty research group
Seminars in Arthroplasty: JSES. [DOI] 10.1053/j.sart.2024.11.004.
Publisher's Site - 2025
Rehabilitation Protocols in Elbow Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries: A Systematic Review of Articles Published in the Last 20 Years.
Sports health. 17(3):460-469. [DOI] 10.1177/19417381241249125. [PMID] 38702939.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2025
Reported Outcome Measures in Total Elbow Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Seminars in Arthroplasty: JSES. [DOI] 10.1053/j.sart.2025.03.007.
Publisher's Site - 2025
Survivorship and clinical outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with large glenoid defects using the stilting technique and a baseplate with central ingrowth cage and peripheral locking screws
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 34(4):1071-1080. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2024.07.036.
Publisher's Site - 2025
The effect of smoking on outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 34(4):987-996. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2024.07.052.
Publisher's Site - 2025
The effect of socioeconomic status on clinical outcomes and implant survivorship after primary anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 34(1):390-400. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2024.08.013.
Publisher's Site - 2025
The effect of socioeconomic status on clinical outcomes and implant survivorship after revision shoulder arthroplasty
Seminars in Arthroplasty: JSES. [DOI] 10.1053/j.sart.2024.12.001.
Publisher's Site - 2025
Thresholds for diminishing returns in postoperative range of motion after total shoulder arthroplasty
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 34(3):715-725. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2024.05.022.
Publisher's Site - 2024
A reproducible method for evaluating the degree and direction of overstuffing of the humeral head component in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty
Shoulder & Elbow. [DOI] 10.1177/17585732241258069. [PMID] 39552655.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
A Systematic Review of Patient Selection Criteria for Outpatient Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.
The Orthopedic clinics of North America. 55(3):363-381. [DOI] 10.1016/j.ocl.2023.12.002. [PMID] 38782508.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Anatomic Versus Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Primary Osteoarthritis With an Intact Rotator Cuff: A Midterm Comparison of Early Top Performers.
The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 32(21):e1102-e1110. [DOI] 10.5435/JAAOS-D-24-00110. [PMID] 38996212.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Anatomic versus reverse total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes after prior contralateral anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with bilateral primary osteoarthritis with an intact rotator cuff.
International orthopaedics. 48(3):801-807. [DOI] 10.1007/s00264-023-06044-w. [PMID] 38032497.
4 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Characteristics of rehabilitation protocols following operative treatment of terrible triad elbow injuries and the influence of early motion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Shoulder & Elbow. [DOI] 10.1177/17585732241269807. [PMID] 39552691.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Clinical outcomes of anatomic vs. reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in primary osteoarthritis with preoperative external rotation weakness and an intact rotator cuff: a case-control study.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 33(4):e185-e197. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2023.07.039. [PMID] 37660887.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Clinical outcomes of over-the-top subscapularis repair in reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
JSES international. 8(4):866-872. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jseint.2024.02.010. [PMID] 39035640.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Correction: Pain scores and functional outcomes of patients with shoulder labral repair using all-suture anchors versus conventional anchors.
European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie. 34(3):1517. [DOI] 10.1007/s00590-024-03874-1. [PMID] 38498198.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Defining the tipping point for revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Shoulder & Elbow. [DOI] 10.1177/17585732241263753. [PMID] 39552664.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Does achieving clinically important thresholds after first shoulder arthroplasty predict similar outcomes of the contralateral shoulder?
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 33(4):880-887. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2023.08.004. [PMID] 37690587.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Does hydrogen peroxide application to the dermis following surgical incision affect Cutibacterium acnes cultures in total shoulder arthroplasty in male patients? A randomized controlled trial.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 33(3):618-627. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2023.10.019. [PMID] 38072031.
2 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Does preoperative forward elevation weakness affect clinical outcomes in anatomic or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis and intact rotator cuff?
Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow. 27(3):316-326. [DOI] 10.5397/cise.2024.00262. [PMID] 39138944.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Early outcomes after first reverse total shoulder arthroplasty better prognosticate contralateral success compared with early outcomes after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 33(6):1331-1339. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2023.10.007. [PMID] 38000731.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Establishing the diagnosis of radial tunnel syndrome: a systematic review of published clinical series
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology. 34(6):2813-2821. [DOI] 10.1007/s00590-024-04003-8.
Publisher's Site - 2024
Graft choice and techniques used in elbow ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction over the last 20 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 33(5):1185-1199. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2023.10.023. [PMID] 38072032.
6 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Implant-Positioning and Patient Factors Associated with Acromial and Scapular Spine Fractures After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 106(15):1384-1394. [DOI] 10.2106/jbjs.23.01203.
Publisher's Site - 2024
Influence of acromioclavicular joint arthritis on outcomes after reverse total shoulder.
JSES international. 8(1):111-118. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jseint.2023.08.014. [PMID] 38312293.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Influence of Humeral Component Cement and Bone Grafting on Greater Tuberosity Healing and Functional Outcomes After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fractures
JBJS Reviews. 12(12). [DOI] 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.24.00148.
Publisher's Site - 2024
Influence of Humeral Component Cement and Bone Grafting on Greater Tuberosity Healing and Functional Outcomes After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
JBJS reviews. 12(12). [DOI] e24.00148. [PMID] 39661712.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Influence of lateralized versus medialized reverse shoulder arthroplasty design on external and internal rotation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Clinics in shoulder and elbow. 27(1):59-71. [DOI] 10.5397/cise.2023.00577. [PMID] 37957880.
5 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Influence of preoperative rotational shoulder stiffness on rate of motion restoration after anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for glenohumeral osteoarthritis with an intact rotator cuff.
Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR. 104036. [DOI] 10.1016/j.otsr.2024.104036. [PMID] 39515461.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Intercarpal Angles on Hand Versus Wrist Films: Are Hand Radiographs Sufficient for Assessing Intercarpal Angles?
The Journal of hand surgery. 49(12):1273.e1-1273.e6. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jhsa.2023.04.012. [PMID] 37245153.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Low success rate of closed reductions when treating dislocations after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a study by the ASES Complications of RSA Multicenter Research Group
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2024.09.016.
Publisher's Site - 2024
Mitigating the Risk of Instability After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Critical Analysis Review of Patient and Surgical Factors.
JBJS reviews. 12(9). [DOI] e24.00095. [PMID] 39226391.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Outcomes of lateralized reverse total shoulder arthroplasty versus latissimus dorsi transfer for external rotation deficit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow. 27(4):464-478. [DOI] 10.5397/cise.2024.00304. [PMID] 39558567.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Outcomes of revision versus re-revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A case–control-matched cohort study
Shoulder & Elbow. 16(5):543-550. [DOI] 10.1177/17585732231202214. [PMID] 39473473.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Pain relief survivorship: a comparison of Exactech Equinoxe anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2024.09.035.
Publisher's Site - 2024
Pain scores and functional outcomes of patients with shoulder labral repair using all-suture anchors versus conventional anchors.
European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie. 34(3):1509-1515. [DOI] 10.1007/s00590-023-03820-7. [PMID] 38265743.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Planned Glenoid Implant Utilization: A Comparison of Preoperative Planning with and Without Computer-Assisted Navigation.
The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 32(15):e750-e758. [DOI] 10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00924. [PMID] 38484093.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Predictors of adequate pain control after outpatient hand and upper extremity surgery
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology. 34(3):1543-1549. [DOI] 10.1007/s00590-024-03836-7.
Publisher's Site - 2024
Predictors of Internal Rotation–Dependent Activities of Daily Living Performance and Favorable Satisfaction Despite Loss of Objective Internal Rotation After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. [DOI] 10.5435/jaaos-d-24-00267.
Publisher's Site - 2024
Quantifying success after first revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: the minimal and substantial clinically important percentage of maximal possible improvement.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 33(3):593-603. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2023.08.024. [PMID] 37778654.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Rehabilitation protocols in proximal humerus fracture management: A systematic review
Shoulder & Elbow. 16(4):449-458. [DOI] 10.1177/17585732231182374. [PMID] 39346799.
2 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Reported outcome measures in complex fracture elbow dislocations: a systematic review.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 33(8):1709-1723. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2024.02.038. [PMID] 38609003.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Reverse Allograft Prosthetic-Composite Versus Endoprosthesis Reconstruction for Massive Proximal Humerus Bone Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Outcomes and Complications.
Indian journal of orthopaedics. 58(10):1339-1348. [DOI] 10.1007/s43465-024-01248-7. [PMID] 39324078.
2 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
Tendon transfers in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review and descriptive synthesis of biomechanical studies.
Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR. 103903. [DOI] 10.1016/j.otsr.2024.103903. [PMID] 38789001.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
The Association between Race and Extended Length of Stay in Low-energy Proximal Humerus Fractures in Elderly Patients.
The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 32(15):e759-e768. [DOI] 10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00925. [PMID] 38595161.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
The effect of smoking on functional outcomes and implant survival of anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty.
The bone & joint journal. 106-B(11):1263-1272. [DOI] 10.1302/0301-620X.106B11.BJJ-2024-0202.R1. [PMID] 39481428.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2024
The effect of tuberosity healing on functional outcomes after reverse shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
International Orthopaedics. 48(11):2993-3001. [DOI] 10.1007/s00264-024-06310-5.
Publisher's Site - 2024
The influence of depression on clinical outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic Review
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology. 34(4):1757-1763. [DOI] 10.1007/s00590-024-03911-z.
Publisher's Site - 2024
Variable Return to Play and Sport Performance After Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Baseball Players: A Systematic Review.
Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association. 40(7):1997-2006.e1. [DOI] 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.01.033. [PMID] 38340970.
3 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2023
Allograft-Prosthetic Composite Reconstruction for Proximal Humerus Bone Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes and Complications.
JBJS reviews. 11(8). [DOI] 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.23.00061. [PMID] 37616466.
3 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2023
Clinical outcomes of anatomic vs. reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in primary osteoarthritis with preoperative rotational stiffness and an intact rotator cuff: a case control study.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 32(7):e355-e365. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2022.12.027. [PMID] 36737034.
14 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2023
Clinical outcomes of anatomical versus reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with primary osteoarthritis, an intact rotator cuff, and limited forward elevation.
The bone & joint journal. 105-B(12):1303-1313. [DOI] 10.1302/0301-620X.105B12.BJJ-2023-0496.R2. [PMID] 38037676.
6 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2023
Comparison of clinical outcomes of revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for failed primary anatomic vs. reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
JSES international. 7(2):257-263. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jseint.2022.11.003. [PMID] 36911771.
11 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2023
Discordance between patient-reported and objectively measured internal rotation after reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 32(10):2051-2058. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2023.03.033. [PMID] 37178957.
4 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2023
Do patients with poor early clinical outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty ultimately improve?
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 32(5):1022-1031. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2022.11.014. [PMID] 36565738.
4 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2023
Does isolated glenosphere lateralization affect outcomes in reverse shoulder arthroplasty?
Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR. 109(4):103401. [DOI] 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103401. [PMID] 36108822.
18 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2023
Early clinical outcomes following navigation-assisted baseplate fixation in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a matched cohort study
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 32(2):302-309. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2022.07.007.
Publisher's Site - 2023
Quantifying Success After Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: the Minimal Clinically Important Percentage of Maximal Possible Improvement
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2022.12.012.
Publisher's Site - 2023
Survivorship after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and predictors of 1-year and overall mortality
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 32(1):e1-e10. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2022.06.030.
Publisher's Site - 2022
A validated algorithm using current literature to judge the appropriateness of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty utilizing the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 31(7):e332-e345. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2021.12.025. [PMID] 35066118.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2022
Anterior capsular reconstruction for recurrent anterior shoulder instability: a case report using dermal allograft
JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques. 2(1):52-55. [DOI] 10.1016/j.xrrt.2021.10.002.
Publisher's Site - 2022
Characteristics of anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty patients who achieve ceiling scores with 3 common patient-reported outcome measures
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 31(8):1647-1657. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2022.01.142.
Publisher's Site - 2022
Clinical outcomes related to glenosphere overhang in reverse shoulder arthroplasty using a lateralized humeral design
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 31(10):2106-2115. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2022.03.014.
Publisher's Site - 2022
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Revision Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty For Failed Primary Anatomic Versus Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
JSES International. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jseint.2022.11.003.
Publisher's Site - 2022
Deltoid fatigue part 2: a longitudinal assessment of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty over time.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 31(2):e37-e47. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2021.07.019. [PMID] 34450278.
3 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2022
Early reduction in postoperative pain is associated with improved long-term function after shoulder arthroplasty: a retrospective case series
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology. [DOI] 10.1007/s00590-022-03242-x.
Publisher's Site - 2022
Equinoxe Exactech Anatomic versus Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Primary Osteoarthritis: Case Controlled Comparisons using the Machine Learning Derived Shoulder Arthroplasty Score
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2022.09.029.
Publisher's Site - 2022
Extra-short humeral heads reduce glenohumeral joint overstuffing compared with short heads in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty
JSES International. 6(2):209-215. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jseint.2021.11.013. [PMID] 35252915.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2022
Factors associated with improvement or loss of internal rotation after reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 31(7):e346-e358. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2022.01.124. [PMID] 35167915.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2022
Factors influencing surgical management of proximal humerus fractures: do shoulder and trauma surgeons differ?
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 31(6):e259-e269. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2021.11.016.
Publisher's Site - 2022
How Common is Nerve Injury after Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty? A Systematic Review
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2022.10.022.
Publisher's Site - 2022
Influence of glenoid wear pattern on glenoid component placement accuracy in shoulder arthroplasty
JSES International. 6(2):200-208. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jseint.2021.11.021. [PMID] 35252914.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2022
Periprosthetic humerus fractures after shoulder arthroplasty: an evaluation of available classification systems
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 31(10):2034-2042. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2022.04.011.
Publisher's Site - 2022
Preoperative shoulder strength is associated with postoperative primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes and improvement.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 31(1):90-99. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2021.07.006. [PMID] 34390838.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2022
Rate of improvement in shoulder strength after anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
JSES International. 6(2):247-252. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jseint.2021.11.002. [PMID] 35252921.
2 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2022
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty yields similar results to anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of humeral head avascular necrosis
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 31(6):S94-S102. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2021.11.011.
Publisher's Site - 2022
Revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in patients 65 years old and younger: outcome comparison with older patients
JSES International. 6(2):229-235. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jseint.2021.11.012. [PMID] 35252918.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2022
Risk factors for blood transfusion after revision shoulder arthroplasty
Seminars in Arthroplasty: JSES. 32(2):351-357. [DOI] 10.1053/j.sart.2021.11.008.
Publisher's Site - 2022
Survivorship Analysis of Revision Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2022.11.024.
Publisher's Site - 2022
Thoracic outlet syndrome: a review
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 31(11):e545-e561. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2022.06.026.
Publisher's Site - 2022
Understanding postoperative rehabilitation preferences in operatively managed proximal humerus fractures: do trauma and shoulder surgeons differ?
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 31(5):1106-1114. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2021.12.045.
Publisher's Site - 2021
Anatomic versus reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a mid-term follow-up comparison
Shoulder & Elbow. 13(5):518-526. [DOI] 10.1177/1758573220921150. [PMID] 34659485.
8 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2021
Arthroscopically Assisted Surgical Decompression and Fibular Strut Grafting for Proximal Humerus Avascular Necrosis: Surgical Technique.
Arthroscopy techniques. 10(3):e711-e719. [DOI] 10.1016/j.eats.2020.10.060. [PMID] 33738206.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2021
Deltoid fatigue: a longitudinal assessment of reverse shoulder arthroplasty over time.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 30(6):1375-1383. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2020.08.038. [PMID] 32949756.
7 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2021
Preoperative factors associated with loss of range of motion after reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 30(10):e621-e628. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2021.02.010. [PMID] 33675967.
2 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2021
The in vivo impact of computer navigation on screw number and length in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 30(10):e629-e635. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2021.01.017. [PMID] 33647443.
2 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2020
A 10-year experience with reverse shoulder arthroplasty: are we operating earlier?
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 29(7S):S126-S133. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2020.04.040. [PMID] 32643606.
4 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2020
A Clinical Comparison of Triceps-Sparing and Triceps-Detaching Approaches for Revision Total Elbow Arthroplasty.
The Journal of hand surgery. 45(1):66.e1-66.e6. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jhsa.2019.05.002. [PMID] 31227203.
5 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2020
Computer navigation leads to more accurate glenoid targeting during total shoulder arthroplasty compared with 3-dimensional preoperative planning alone.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 29(11):2257-2263. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2020.03.014. [PMID] 32586595.
10 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2020
Does having prior rotator cuff repair affect outcomes in reverse shoulder arthroplasty? A matched cohort study.
Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR. 106(4):661-665. [DOI] 10.1016/j.otsr.2020.02.005. [PMID] 32265172.
5 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2020
Optimal glenosphere size cannot be determined by patient height.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 29(2):258-265. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2019.07.003. [PMID] 31500985.
2 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2020
Outcome measures reported for the management of proximal humeral fractures: a systematic review.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 29(10):2175-2184. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2020.04.006. [PMID] 32951643.
6 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2020
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients younger than 65 years, minimum 5-year follow-up.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 29(6):e215-e221. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2019.10.028. [PMID] 32044252.
13 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2020
Uncemented fixation of a monoblock ingrowth polyethylene glenoid: early follow-up.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 29(5):968-975. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2019.09.034. [PMID] 31812586.
5 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2020
What Outcome Measures Are Reported in the Management of Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries?
Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine. 8(1). [DOI] 10.1177/2325967119892322. [PMID] 31950068.
2 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2019
Correlation of multiple patient-reported outcome measures across follow-up in patients undergoing primary shoulder arthroplasty
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 28(10):1869-1876. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2019.02.023.
Publisher's Site - 2019
Defining the tipping point for primary shoulder arthroplasty.
JSES open access. 3(4):273-277. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jses.2019.09.009. [PMID] 31891025.
3 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2019
Early results of augmented anatomic glenoid components.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 28(6S):S138-S145. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2019.04.014. [PMID] 31196508.
16 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2019
Glenoid component lucencies are associated with poorer patient-reported outcomes following anatomic shoulder arthroplasty.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 28(10):1956-1963. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2019.03.011. [PMID] 31202628.
19 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2019
Management of infected shoulder arthroplasty: a comparison of treatment strategies.
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 28(9):1658-1665. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2019.03.001. [PMID] 31208895.
6 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2019
Osteopetrosis-Anesthetic Considerations for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report.
A&A practice. 12(1):5-8. [DOI] 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000828. [PMID] 29994871.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2019
Outcomes of Primary Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients Younger Than 65 Years Old.
The Journal of hand surgery. 44(2):104-111. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.11.008. [PMID] 30712650.
15 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2019
Shoulder arthroplasty after prior anterior stabilization procedures: do reverses have better outcomes?
Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery. 28(5):854-860. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2018.09.024. [PMID] 30545785.
7 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2019
The effect of radial mismatch on radiographic glenoid loosening.
JSES open access. 3(4):287-291. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jses.2019.09.007. [PMID] 31891027.
1 citation | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2019
The over-the-top subscapularis repair in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: biomechanical evaluation of a novel technique.
JSES open access. 3(4):304-310. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jses.2019.09.005. [PMID] 31891030.
3 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2019
The V-Sign: A Simple Radiographic Sign of Shoulder Subluxation.
Cureus. 11(12). [DOI] 10.7759/cureus.6501. [PMID] 32025422.
PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2018
Managing Glenoid Bone Deficiency-The Augment Experience in Anatomic and Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty.
American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.). 47(3). [DOI] 10.12788/ajo.2018.0014. [PMID] 29611851.
13 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2018
Outcomes of distal humerus fractures: What are we measuring?
Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR. 104(8):1253-1258. [DOI] 10.1016/j.otsr.2018.08.017. [PMID] 30352777.
6 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2017
Clinical outcome for failed radial head arthroplasty treated with explantation
7(8):199-210. - 2017
Multivariate analysis of blood transfusion rates after shoulder arthroplasty
26(1):40-47. - 2017
Perioperative Factors Affecting the Length of Hospitalization After Shoulder Arthroplasty.
Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews. 1(6). [DOI] 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-17-00026. [PMID] 30211358.
2 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2017
Primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes in patients with subscapularis repair versus tenotomy
26(3):450-457. - 2017
Primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty outcomes in patients with subscapularis repair versus tenotomy
26(3):450-457. - 2017
Primary Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes in Patients With Subscapularis Repair Versus Tenotomy
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 26(3):450-457. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2016.09.017.
Publisher's Site - 2016
Allograft-prosthetic composite reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for reconstruction of proximal humeral tumor resections
25(1):45-54. - 2016
Outcomes of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty As Primary Versus Revision Procedure for Proximal Humerus Fractures
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 25(7):1133-1137. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2015.12.002.
Publisher's Site - 2016
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Wheelchair-Dependent Patients
25(7):1138-1145. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2015.11.006.
Publisher's Site - 2016
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Wheelchair-Dependent Patients
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 25(7):1138-1145. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jse.2015.11.006.
Publisher's Site - 2015
Uncemented versus cemented humeral stem fixation in reverse shoulder arthroplasty
International Orthopaedics. 39:291-298. - 2014
Fixation of chondral fracture of the weight-bearing area of the lateral femoral condyle in an adolescent
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. 22(6):1284-1287. - 2014
Physical examination of the shoulder.
The Journal of hand surgery. 39(10):2103-12. [DOI] 10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.04.024. [PMID] 25257491.
3 citations | PubMed | Publisher's Site - 2013
Decreased ratios of lateral to medial patellofemoral forces and pressures after lateral retinacular release and gender knees in total knee arthroplasty
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. 21(12):2770-2778. - 2011
Brachial neuritis following quadrivalent human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine
6(4):454-456. - 2010
Treatment of Adult Rhabdomyosarcoma
American Journal of Clinical Oncology. 33(2):128-131. - 2009
Conservative treatment of Campannacci Grade III proximal humerus giant cell tumors
467:1355-1359. - 2009
Internal Hemipelvectomy for Pelvic Sarcomas Using a T-Incision Surgical Approach
467(10):2677-2684. - 2009
Surgical Outcomes of Traumatic Open Knee Dislocations
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy. 17(9):1027-1032.
Grants
- June 2022
Prospective, Multicenter Study of Proximal Humerus Fracture Outcomes
Role: Principal Investigator
Funding: AM SHOULDER & ELBOW SURGEONS - May 2018
A Post-Market Clinical Follow-up Study of the TITAN Reverse Shoulder System used in Primary or Revision Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Role: Principal Investigator
Funding: SMITH & NEPHEW MEDICAL LTD - April 2016 - December 2018
Miscellaneous Donors
Role: Principal Investigator
Funding: MISCELLANEOUS DONORS
Education
- Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Fellowship
2012-2013 - University of Florida, Gainesville, FL - Orthopedic Surgery Residency
2007-2012 - Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA - Clinical Research Coordinator in Orthopaedic Oncology
2006-2007 - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA - MD
2002-2006 - Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA - BS and BA
1998-2002 - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Make a Gift
Please consider supporting the research efforts of the Hand and Upper Extremity Division at UF Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine by donating to the following fund:
Comments (77 received)
April 5, 2025
Dr. King- very personable, listens to you and super accommodating. Follows up on discussed issues and personally comes back with answers to your questions.
April 3, 2025
Very informative in all areas of my issues
April 2, 2025
Awesome
March 30, 2025
Dr J King is the kindest, most caring , best all around doctor I have ever met !
March 28, 2025
Options provided for ongoing treatment.
March 28, 2025
Dr King is awesome
March 28, 2025
Dr. King is excellent.
March 26, 2025
Dr. Joseph King was excellent. His explanations were clear, complete, and understandable. As were his summary explanations.
March 26, 2025
Dr. King and his staff are exceptional! Total trust.
March 25, 2025
Dr. King is amazing.
March 16, 2025
I always get the best care and everything is always explained
March 14, 2025
This is the type of IPS that I would expect from a care provider.
March 14, 2025
Awsome
March 12, 2025
I would highly recommend Dr Joseph King and his assistant, Kendal, both of whom provided care for me that day. They were both great!
March 11, 2025
Dr King will be Highly recommended to all that might benefit from his and his colleagues expertise!!!
March 11, 2025
I have already recommended Dr King to a friend in our Harbor Hills community, Lady Lake
March 7, 2025
An extremely positive experience from beginning to end!
March 4, 2025
Easy to Handel the explanations
March 4, 2025
Dr. King was wonderful! He was very thorough in his explanations and his recommendations. He was very kind, attentive and empathetic. He put me at ease right away and I felt very confident in his advice. Highly recommend!!!
March 1, 2025
Really really pleased with everything!!
February 22, 2025
Dr King is fantastic
February 21, 2025
Dr King continues to impress me. Prior to entering the room, he is familiar with my X-rays and listens to me. He has excellent listening skills and this I do not have to repeat anything. He always acts like he is concerned and focused on getting me back to normal.
February 15, 2025
Dr. King III is always very compassionate and concerned with my improvement and well-being
February 14, 2025
Dr king was amazing along with the entire staff
February 13, 2025
He actually listened and responded to what I said. I felt very much like it is a combined effort to find a solution.
February 11, 2025
I received great care from you I was in contact with.
February 11, 2025
I felt very comfortable talking to Nurse Melissa before meeting Dr Joseph King whom I admire for his ability to put a patient at ease.His explanations were clear and precise. Dr. King suggested a number of alternatives to alleviate pain. A very positive visit.
February 9, 2025
Dr King is an excellent doctor. I would highly recommend him
February 8, 2025
I like my Doctor very much and wouldn't want any one else. He's very informed and makes sure I understand everything.
February 4, 2025
I felt well kistened to and cared for and have great confidence in the treatment orogram advised by Dr.
February 2, 2025
God them. Bless and grant them wisdom and peace
February 1, 2025
Dr King and Winnie are excellent
January 31, 2025
I rate you at 5 if you had 10 I would rate you at 10 I've had nothing but fantastic service with this doctors and the facility and the people at work there 100% great service thank you
January 30, 2025
SO FAR, SO GOOD.
January 21, 2025
I'm so grateful for Dr King's care of both my shoulders over the last year
January 18, 2025
very good comments
September 26, 2024
Loved Dr. King
September 24, 2024
Everyone was very professional and very very nice. I was impressed.
September 20, 2024
Dr. King is an excellent physician.
September 17, 2024
Dr King is fantastic, the bees knees
September 15, 2024
Dr King answered all my questions & also told me what to do next. I see him again in 3 nos.
September 13, 2024
I have nothing but good things to say about UF. Everyone listens to what I am saying and treat me like I'm the only patient they have that day. I never feel rushed and things are explained so that I can understand.
August 31, 2024
August 30, 2024
Good
August 30, 2024
Again, Dr. King is great!!
August 27, 2024
Very informative and sent home with 'to do' items
August 17, 2024
Awesome
July 26, 2024
Really appreciate the time Dr king took to explain my prob and the course of action. I felt I had his full attention and he was truly listening.
July 20, 2024
All showed compassion and courteous.Intelligence of the trouble with my Injured shoulder.
July 19, 2024
I met the PA, Kendall (sp?) for the first time. I have a long history of orthopedic surgeries at the UF Orthopedic Clinic. Kendall is the most well rounded, knowledgeable, professional PA that I have ever met. She took personal ownership of my issues and made them hers. She quickly reviewed notes from other visits when I had a question and was fast. She should have gone forward to be a doc. But I do understand that she's in a great profession that suits her well.
July 9, 2024
Dr. King is very thorough, replains any and all procedures and listens to my concerns
July 9, 2024
Dr King makes you feel like you are his only patient, he shows compassion and listens to you.
June 6, 2023
Doctor was very thorough in explaining want will happen based on what he finds after surgical site is opened. Very clear discussion on expected and unexpected findings. I was pleased.
May 19, 2023
I travel from s FL to see Dr.King because he takes such good care of me
May 18, 2023
The doctor was up front and honest about correcting my problem. The risks and outcomes were discussed as well as possible solutions.
May 12, 2023
Dr. King is very knowledgeable and compassionate. He explained all of my treatment options so I could make an informed decision about my shoulder.
May 5, 2023
REALLY like Dr. King. He apologized multiple times for running so far behind. Something his nurse didn't do even once.
May 2, 2023
Excellent
April 28, 2023
Excellent, knowledgeable, kind and caring clinician/provider.
April 26, 2023
Dr King listens to you, always. Shows concern, makes recommendations, and actually helps you.
April 25, 2023
Dr. King is amazing
April 16, 2023
Doctor was excellent. He was very interested in correcting my shoulder.
April 14, 2023
Dr King is fantastic. I've never had a doctor spend not only the time to explain everything, but listened to my concerns and generally seemed to care.
April 10, 2023
Very concerned and explained in detail, all of my options
March 31, 2023
Very satisfied by the EXCELLENT INFORMATION AND EXPERIENCE OF DR. KING, referring to ALL MY HEALTH, very Cortez and concern in everything for my questions and concerns, greetings and many blessings for all of you amen amen
March 26, 2023
Dr. King and his team are phenomenal. I have received wonderful care and am very impressed with everything and everyone I have seen this far.
March 16, 2023
Good experience overall and feel a little more comfortable despite current pain level and pending surgery
May 11, 2022
Dr. King was amazing- listened and explained
April 23, 2022
Excellent next day surgery!
April 15, 2022
I always recommend UF
April 2, 2022
Good
April 2, 2022
Wonderful
April 1, 2022
Dr King is so thorough and caring. Fantastic doctor
March 18, 2022
Really happy, very caring and explain what we could do to make things better.
March 18, 2022
Dr King is always very kind and patient with all my questions and concerns. I do not feel rushed and I takes the time I need to be comfortable. Wonderful patient care!!
February 25, 2022
Dr King was great
February 23, 2022
Provider reviewed and explained everything in details and looked at options for treatment.